The electromagnetic flowmeter uses Faraday's Law of electromagnetic induction to measure the process flow. When an electrically conductive fluid flows in the pipe, an electrode voltage E is induced between a pair of electrodes placed at right angles to the direction of magnetic field. In other words, the flow velocity of liquid moving in a magnetic field is converted into electricity. (E is proportional to V × B × D)
As the flow changes, the electromotive force (voltage) captured by the electrodes changes as follows.